Status of heavy metal contamination of foods with animal and aquatic animal origin in Iran The status of heavy metals contamination in foods with animal and aquatic animal origin was studied. In spite of limited studies about foods (except fish and edible marine foods), data shows low contamination of milk with lead but relatively high level of cadmium in this product. Iron contamination was found in high level in milk in the industrial areas. Concentrations of lead and copper were found relatively high in some imported infant milk powder. In some fishing areas in Khazar, the concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher than international standards. The same situation is seen in south sea’s fishery products for lead, cadmium and nickel. In a survey in 2005, mercury level was found higher than permitted level in white fish hunted from central Khazar’s fishing area. Shrimp was found relatively free and safe for heavy metal contamination. Other marine foods such as oyster contamination with nickel and vanadium were observed. The sole study about red meat shows lead contamination in low percentage of studied samples.

Herbal therapy using extract or yields plant, has been considered in most countries for many years and the use of herbal has been increased because of resistance and side effects of synthetic chemical drugs in recent years. Garlic is a effective plants for treatment of several diseases and its anti parasitic effects beside of other treatment properties has been studied by many investigators. The goal of this study is conducted to evaluate treatment effects of aquatic garlic extract on larval stage of parasitic nematodes. The several dilutions of aquatic garlic extract from 10 mg/ml to 8 mg/ml was used on Strongylus spp. larvae in vitro. The mortality rate of larvae were count until 7 days. The results were compared with levamizole from 50 mg/ml to 12.5 mg/ml dilutions. In present study, 750 mg/ml dilution and more are effective on second and third larvae stages and the mortality rate was more than 65% on first day. The effect of 2.5 mg/ml of garlic extract is similar to levamizole at 12.5 mg/ml level.Regarding to good effect of garlic extract on larvae stage of nematodes, it can be considered for treatment or control of nematodes infection by using proper formulation of garlic extract or daily consuming in endemic area with parasitic nematodes infection.

In the recent years, there is evidence of training a red type of zebrafish which differs from wild-type in body color. There is not any document how it reaches to the ornamental fish farms of Iran but at first, it was a doubt it belongs to a morphotype or genetic modification (GM). First of all, a set primer was designed to validate zebrafish species. Mitochondrial 16S rDNA was selected and amplified. The validation of 16S rDNA gene sequences data detected three haplotypes deposited in the GenBank. By seeking scientific articles about transgenic zebrafish, the first attention went to Glowfish (color transgenic zebrafish). We decided to build a foundation of PCR based detection for finding a gene correspondence red color of zebrafish. This sequence is specific for producing a red color in the sea anemone and it was not in genome database of wild zebrafish. A set primer was designed according to the red color of sea anemone (dsRed) to make a fragment about 680 bp in red zebrafish and cream zebrafish specimens (they had red parents). Fragment sequencing (ds/Red) revealed that it belongs to the sea anemone and none of the samples nucleotides differ from each order and positive sequence from a plasmid containing dsRed. Also, protein samples from cream and red zebrafish were extracted and evaluated with fluorescence microscope by TxRed control color. A dark and a red spread was detected for protein smear of the cream and redfish respectively. A dark spread was detected for cream fish protein smear but a red smear was marked for redfish protein. This research simply demonstrates the existence of transgenic zebrafish in Iranian ornamental fish industry.

In respect to nano-technological studies and physiological and biochemical lesions of these materials on aquatic animals, in this study we examine the toxicity effects of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) on hematological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). LC50 of nano zinc oxide was determined according to the mortality at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. During separate experiment based on the LC50 levels, hematological parameters were studied with induction of the sub-lethal concentrations of nano zinc oxide. In this study, lethal toxicity concentration of nano-ZnO (LC50) for common carp was 3.120 ± 0.23 ppm. when the fish were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (50% of LC50) for 7days, the results showed that the nano-particles causes various changes in the blood parameters of the fish that these changes was affected by the nano-particles in blood indices by reducing the level of red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and increase in white blood cells (WBC) (P<0.05). In comparison of fish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of the nano-particles compared to the control group MCHC showed a significant increase (P<0.05)but during experiment MCV and MCH didn’t show significant changes (P>0.05) in the exposed nano-ZnO. The results of this study showed that the sub-lethal toxicity of nano-particles could have a negative impact on hematological indices of Common carp, so we should prevent the entrance of such substances to the aquatic ecosystems.

The extracts of Mentha aquatique by ultrasound assisted and maceration (ethanol: water (80: 20)) extraction method were compared. The total phenolic content of extracts were obtained 45. 16 mg GA/g and 51. 92 mg GA/g Extract in maceration and ultrasound-assisted method respectively. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of extracts (50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) were measured by DPPH radical scavenging method. The results shows that in both extracts by increasing in concentration of extract antioxidant activity were increased. Both extract at 1000 ppm of concentration have no significant statistical difference by TBHQ and they selected to add in sunflower oil. The thermal stability of samples containing separated and mixture extracts (1000 ppm) evaluated at 180 ° C. TBHQ at 100 ppm served as standard besides the control. The results showed that during frying process oil oxidation were increased. Control sample had the least oxidative stability and sample containing mix extract showed the highest oxidative stability. Finally 1000 ppm of the mix extract could act better than 100 ppm TBHQ in inhibition of lipid oxidation in sunflower oil during frying process and it suggest as a natural antioxidant to use in edible oils.

To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on yield components and percentage of essence of Mentha aquatica, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications was conducted in Sari, in 2014. The experimental treatments were mycorrhizal fuangi (Glomus mosseae) with two levels (0 and 10% per pot), vermi-compost with two levels (0 and 10% per pot) and compost of tea with two levels (0 and 1. 5 liter per pot). The results showed that use of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the quantity and quality characters Mentha aquatica. Use of organic and biological fertilizers had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to those of control. Thus, highest plant height, leaf number, seed number per plant, plant dry weight, root length, root diameter, leaf area index, essence present and essence yield were obtained by using mycorrhizal symbiosis and compost tea, vermin-compost as compared to those of control treatment. Generally, the use of organic and biofertilizers, produced optimum quality and quantity of Mentha aquatica. In fact, increased performance of organic and biological fertilizers improved the activity of plant growth regulators and reduced elemental leaching and thus resulted in higher absorption of nutrients, increased plant growth, seed yield and essential oil content of Mentha aquatica.

Conclusion: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nerve system which involves the brain and spinal cord. The cause of this disease is still unknown. This disease causes some disorders in conducting the nerve and electrical currents by destroying the myelin. Thus, due to the vital acuity of the problem, the purpose is to study the effect of aquatic exercises for 8 weeks on the balance improvement in female MS patients. Materials and Methods: This is an applied research study with a Quasi-Experimental method. The present study was carried out on 45 female MS patients who were randomly selected from 100 MS patients. The subjects, aging from 20 to 50 years old, fell in a range of 4±1 years in terms of duration of illness with a range of 1-5 degrees of illness. They were divided into two groups: Experimental group consisting of 25 patients and the Control group with 20 patients. The Experimental received the treatment as programmed for 8 weeks with 3 sessions per week. The treatment included exercising at a maximum heart beat rate of 40 to 50 percent of intensity. The quality of life (QOL) was determined for both groups of the study before and after the study, using FAMS, Version 2. Finally, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t- test. Results: The findings indicate that after 8 weeks of aquatic exercising, the balance was meaningfully improved in the Experimental group (P=0/000). A significant difference was observed in their differences of means from the pre-test to the post-test, in terms of QOL (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the pre- and post-test grades of the Controlled group, in this regard (a=0.05). There was an average of 9.28% of improvement in the Experimental group’s quality of life after the treatment. Such a difference is regarded as remarkable improvement for MS patients.Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, it seems necessary to propose aquatic exercises for MS patients. Therefore, it is recommended these exercises be practiced by the MS patients under the supervision of specialists as a supplementary remedy besides the medical treatments.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nerve system which involves brain and spinal cord. The cause of this disease is still unknown. It causes disorders in conducting nerve and electrical current by destroying myelin. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aquatic exercises for 8 weeks on the improvement of balance among female MS patients.materials and methods: This is an applied research study using semi-experimental method. From 100 MS patients, 25 people were randomly selected on the basis of illness degree and age. The criteria applied for the random selection were: Patients’ responses to an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS, 1-4), an average illness time of 4±1 and the age range of 20-50 years. They were divided into two groups: The experimental group consisting of 15 patients and the controlled group which consisted consists of 10 patients. The experimental group participated in the exercises with an intensity rate of 40-50 percent of the maximum heartbeat rate for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Krutzke EDSS questionnaire was used to measure the EDSS in experimental and controlled groups both before and after the exercises. The gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic and dependent sample t- test.results: The research has shown that after 8 weeks of treatment, the balance in the experimental group was significantly improved (P=0.000). A significant difference in their mean scores on EDSS was observed (P=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference in the experimental group’s EDSS scores in the pretest and post-test (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the controlled group (P=0.279, a=0.05). As the findings suggest, exercises of this type could decrease up to 0.5 degree in EDSS scores among MS patients. Such amount of decrease is very valuable for MS patients.Conclusion: Considering the results of this research suggesting an improvement in the balance of MS patients with low EDSS, it seems necessary to apply aquatic exercises for such patients.Therefore, it is recommended that MS patients practice such exercises, under the supervision of specialists, as a supplementary remedy along with the medical treatments.